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Primary - Stage 3 (Year 5 & 6) Stage 3 (Year 5 & 6) Addition & Subtraction

Multi-step addition & subtraction problems

20 practice questions 0 video lessons Theory + worked examples
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Theory

A multi-step problem needs more than one calculation. Break it into steps, do them in order, and carry the result of each step into the next — then check you have answered the actual question.

A multi-step problem needs more than one calculation to answer.

Break it into steps, decide the operation for each, and work them out in order.

Carry the answer from each step into the next, and check at the end that you have answered the actual question.

Two-step calculation flow: 3450 to 6230 to 4270 Start at 3450, add 2780 to get 6230, then subtract 1960 to get 4270. 3450 +2780 6230 −1960 4270
Two steps: add the \(2780\) books bought, then subtract the \(1960\) donated. The answer is \(4270\).

Set the steps out in order and carry each answer forward:

StepCalculationResult
1\(3450 + 2780\)\(6230\)
2\(6230 - 1960\)\(4270\)
Carry it forward. The result of step 1 becomes the starting number for step 2.

How to solve a multi-step problem

  1. Break the problem into steps and choose the operation for each.
  2. Work them out in order, carrying each answer into the next step.
  3. Check the final answer against an estimate and the question asked.
Example 1 — Add then subtract
A library has \(3450\) books, buys \(2780\), then donates \(1960\). How many now?
Solution
\(3450 + 2780\)\(=\)\(6230\)
\(6230 - 1960\)\(=\)\(4270\)

There are \(4270\) books.

Example 2 — Two subtractions
A tank holds \(15\,000\) L. \(6250\) L is used on Monday and \(3800\) L on Tuesday. How much is left?
Solution
\(15\,000 - 6250\)\(=\)\(8750\)
\(8750 - 3800\)\(=\)\(4950\)

There are \(4950\) L left.

Example 3 — Change
Maya buys a jacket for $24.50 and shoes for $18.75, paying with $50. What is her change?
Solution
\(24.50 + 18.75\)\(=\)\(43.25\)
\(50.00 - 43.25\)\(=\)\(6.75\)

Her change is $6.75.

Example 4 — Against a target
Three groups raise $1250, $980 and $1475. Their target is $5000. How much short are they?
Solution
\(1250 + 980 + 1475\)\(=\)\(3705\)
\(5000 - 3705\)\(=\)\(1295\)

They are $1295 short.

Common pitfalls

Stopping after one step. The first result is usually not the final answer — keep going until the question is answered.
Losing the running total. The answer to each step is the starting number for the next.
Not checking. A rough estimate tells you whether the final answer is sensible.

Frequently asked questions

How do you solve a multi-step problem?

Break it into steps, choose the operation for each, and do them in order, using each answer as the start of the next step.

How do you keep track of the steps?

Write each step out and carry its result forward. \(3450+2780=6230\), then \(6230-1960=4270\).

Why estimate a multi-step problem?

An estimate checks the final answer is sensible, which catches mistakes made along the way.

What is a running total?

It is the answer so far, carried from one step to the next until the problem is finished.