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Primary - Stage 3 (Year 5 & 6) Stage 3 (Year 5 & 6) Length, Perimeter & Area

Area of triangles

20 practice questions 0 video lessons Theory + worked examples
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Theory

The area of a triangle is half its base times its perpendicular height: \(A = \dfrac{1}{2} \times b \times h\). Two identical triangles make a parallelogram, so one triangle is half of it.

A triangle has three sides. Its area is the space inside it.

The area is half the base times the perpendicular height: \(A = \dfrac{1}{2} \times b \times h\).

Two identical triangles fit together to make a parallelogram of base \(b\) and height \(h\), so one triangle is half of it.

Triangle with base b and perpendicular height h A triangle with base b and a dashed perpendicular height h, shown as half of a parallelogram formed with a faded copy. b h
The solid triangle is half of the parallelogram formed with its faded copy, so \(A = \dfrac{1}{2} b h\).
\[A = \dfrac{1}{2} \times b \times h\]
A=12×b×h
BaseHeightArea
\(10\) cm\(6\) cm\(30\) cm\(^2\)
\(7\) cm\(4\) cm\(14\) cm\(^2\)
Do not forget the half. A triangle is half of the matching parallelogram.

How to find the area of a triangle

  1. Identify the base and the perpendicular height.
  2. Multiply base by height, then halve it.
  3. Write the answer in square units.
Example 1 — Basic
Base \(10\) cm, perpendicular height \(6\) cm. Find the area.
Solution
\(A\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{1}{2} \times 10 \times 6 = 30\)

Area \(= 30\) cm\(^2\).

Example 2 — Right-angled
Short sides \(8\) cm and \(5\) cm. Find the area.
Solution

The short sides are base and height.

\(A\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{1}{2} \times 8 \times 5 = 20\)

Area \(= 20\) cm\(^2\).

Example 3 — Odd numbers
Base \(7\) cm, height \(4\) cm. Find the area.
Solution
\(A\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{1}{2} \times 7 \times 4 = 14\)

Area \(= 14\) cm\(^2\).

Example 4 — Find the base
Area \(24\) cm\(^2\), height \(6\) cm. Find the base.
Solution
\(b\)\(=\)\(48 \div 6 = 8\)

Base \(= 8\) cm.

Common pitfalls

Forgetting to halve. A triangle is half the parallelogram, so the \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) is essential.
Wrong height. Use the perpendicular height; in a right-angled triangle the two short sides are base and height.
Wrong units. Area is in square units, such as cm\(^2\).

Frequently asked questions

What is the area of a triangle?

Half the base times the perpendicular height, \(A = \dfrac{1}{2} \times b \times h\). A base of \(10\) and height of \(6\) give \(30\) square units.

Why is there a half?

Two identical triangles make a parallelogram, so a single triangle is half of it.

What is the height of a triangle?

The perpendicular distance from the base to the opposite corner, measured at a right angle to the base.

How do you find a triangle's area if it is right-angled?

The two shorter sides meet at a right angle, so use them as the base and height in \(\dfrac{1}{2} \times b \times h\).