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Primary - Stage 3 (Year 5 & 6) Stage 3 (Year 5 & 6) Whole Numbers & Place Value

Read & represent numbers to the millions

20 practice questions 0 video lessons Theory + worked examples
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Theory

The value of a digit depends on its place, so a whole number is read in groups of three — millions, thousands and ones. A zero holds a column open so the other digits keep their value. This page explains how to read, write and represent numbers to the millions.

Place value is the value a digit has because of where it sits in a number. The same digit is worth more further to the left: in \(3\,728\,941\) the \(7\) means \(700\,000\), but in \(3\,972\) the \(7\) means only \(70\).

Numbers to the millions are split into three groups of three digits, counting from the right: the ones, the thousands and the millions. Each group is read as its own three-digit number, followed by the group name.

A zero is a placeholder. It keeps a column open so the digits around it stay in the right places. Without it, \(6\,040\,500\) would change its meaning completely.

Place-value chart for 6 482 175 A place-value chart split into millions, thousands and ones houses, each with hundreds, tens and ones columns, showing the number 6 482 175. Millions Thousands Ones H T O H T O H T O 6 4 8 2 1 7 5
\(6\,482\,175\) in a place-value chart. The millions house holds a single digit; its tens and hundreds columns are empty.
Place-value chart for 6 040 500 showing zeros as placeholders A place-value chart showing 6 040 500, with zeros holding the hundred thousands, hundreds, tens and ones places. Millions Thousands Ones H T O H T O H T O 6 0 4 0 5 0 0
\(6\,040\,500\) — the red zeros hold places open, so it reads “six million, forty thousand, five hundred”.

Each column is worth ten times the column on its right. This is the place value of every column up to the millions:

ColumnPlace value
Millions\(1\,000\,000\)
Hundred thousands\(100\,000\)
Ten thousands\(10\,000\)
Thousands\(1\,000\)
Hundreds\(100\)
Tens\(10\)
Ones\(1\)

A number can be written in expanded form by adding the value of each digit:

\[6\,482\,175 = 6\,000\,000 + 400\,000 + 80\,000 + 2\,000 + 100 + 70 + 5\]
6482175=6000000+400000+80000+2000+100+70+5
Ten times bigger. Moving a digit one column to the left makes it worth ten times as much; one column to the right makes it worth one tenth.

How to read any number to the millions

  1. Group the digits into threes from the right: ones, thousands, millions.
  2. Read each group as its own three-digit number.
  3. Add the group name (million or thousand) after each group, and keep zeros as placeholders.
Example 1 — Value of a digit
What is the value of the \(7\) in \(3\,728\,941\)?
Solution

The \(7\) sits in the hundred thousands place.

\(7\)\(\rightarrow\)\(700\,000\)

Its value is \(700\,000\).

7700000
Example 2 — Numeral to words
Write \(4\,209\,000\) in words.
Solution

Split into houses: \(4 \mid 209 \mid 000\).

four million, two hundred and nine thousand.

Example 3 — Words to numeral
Write “twelve million, sixty thousand, four hundred” as a numeral.
Solution

Place each group, filling empty columns with zero.

millions:\(12\)
thousands:\(060\)
ones:\(400\)

\(12\,060\,400\)

12060400
Example 4 — Reading zeros
Read \(30\,507\,000\) aloud.
Solution

Houses: \(30 \mid 507 \mid 000\).

thirty million, five hundred and seven thousand.

The empty ones house is not spoken.

Common pitfalls

Skipping a zero. \(6\,040\,500\) is “six million, forty thousand, five hundred”, not “four hundred thousand”. Watch out for zeros holding a column open.
Grouping from the wrong end. Always group digits in threes from the right, so the spaces in \(6\,482\,175\) fall in the correct places.
Confusing the value with the digit. The digit might be \(7\), but its value is \(700\,000\) when it sits in the hundred thousands place.

Frequently asked questions

How do you read large numbers to the millions?

Split the number into groups of three digits from the right: ones, thousands and millions. Read each group as its own three-digit number and say the group name after it. For example, \(6\,482\,175\) is six million, four hundred and eighty-two thousand, one hundred and seventy-five.

What is place value?

Place value is the value a digit has because of its position. In \(3\,728\,941\) the \(7\) is in the hundred thousands place, so its value is \(700\,000\).

Why is zero important in a number?

Zero is a placeholder. It keeps a column open so the other digits stay in the right places. In \(6\,040\,500\) the zeros show there are no hundred thousands and no tens or ones.

How do you write a number in words?

Group the digits into millions, thousands and ones, write each group in words, and add its group name. So \(4\,209\,000\) is four million, two hundred and nine thousand.

How many zeros are in one million?

One million is written \(1\,000\,000\), which has six zeros. One thousand thousands make one million.