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Primary - Stage 3 (Year 5 & 6) Stage 3 (Year 5 & 6) Fractions

Mixed numerals to improper fractions

20 practice questions 0 video lessons Theory + worked examples
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Theory

A mixed numeral becomes an improper fraction by counting how many equal parts it holds. Multiply the whole number by the denominator, add the numerator, and keep the same denominator.

A mixed numeral is a whole number and a fraction together, like \(1\dfrac{3}{4}\).

Each whole holds a full set of parts, so multiply the whole number by the denominator to count them.

Add the numerator to include the extra parts, and keep the same denominator: \(1\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{7}{4}\).

One and three quarters shown as bars: seven quarters in all Two bars each split into quarters. The first bar is fully shaded as one whole, four quarters. The second bar has three quarters shaded. Together they show seven quarters. 1 whole3 quarters more
One whole is \(4\) quarters, and \(3\) more quarters gives \(7\) quarters in all: \(1\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{7}{4}\).

Multiply the whole by the denominator, then add the numerator over the same denominator.

MixedWhole times denominator, plus numeratorImproper
\(1\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(1\times2+1=3\)\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(1\dfrac{3}{4}\)\(1\times4+3=7\)\(\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(2\dfrac{1}{3}\)\(2\times3+1=7\)\(\dfrac{7}{3}\)
Keep the denominator. The bottom number never changes; only the top is rebuilt.

How to change a mixed numeral to an improper fraction

  1. Multiply the whole number by the denominator.
  2. Add the numerator to that total.
  3. Write the total over the same denominator.
Example 1 — Halves
Write \(1\dfrac{1}{2}\) as an improper fraction.
Solution
\(1\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{1\times2+1}{2}\)
\(=\)\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Example 2 — Quarters
Write \(1\dfrac{3}{4}\) as an improper fraction.
Solution
\(1\dfrac{3}{4}\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{1\times4+3}{4}\)
\(=\)\(\dfrac{7}{4}\)
Example 3 — Two wholes
Write \(2\dfrac{1}{3}\) as an improper fraction.
Solution
\(2\dfrac{1}{3}\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{2\times3+1}{3}\)
\(=\)\(\dfrac{7}{3}\)
Example 4 — Recipe
A recipe uses \(2\dfrac{3}{4}\) cups of flour. Write this as an improper fraction.
Solution
\(2\dfrac{3}{4}\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{2\times4+3}{4}\)
\(=\)\(\dfrac{11}{4}\)

Common pitfalls

Multiply by the denominator. The whole is multiplied by the bottom number, not the top.
Keep the denominator. The bottom number stays the same; only the top changes.
Do not forget the numerator. After multiplying, add the extra parts on top.

Frequently asked questions

How do you change a mixed numeral to an improper fraction?

Multiply the whole number by the denominator, add the numerator, and keep the same denominator. \(1\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{7}{4}\).

What is an improper fraction?

An improper fraction has a numerator equal to or larger than its denominator, such as \(\dfrac{7}{4}\). It is worth one whole or more.

Does the denominator change?

No. The denominator stays the same throughout; only the numerator is rebuilt from the whole number and the fraction part.

Why multiply the whole number by the denominator?

Each whole holds a full set of parts. Multiplying counts how many of those parts the whole numbers are worth.