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Primary - Stage 3 (Year 5 & 6) Stage 3 (Year 5 & 6) 3D Objects, Volume & Capacity

Volume of rectangular prisms (cubic cm & m)

20 practice questions 0 video lessons Theory + worked examples
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Theory

The volume of a rectangular prism is how many unit cubes fill it: length times width times height, \(V = l \times w \times h\). Volume is measured in cubic units such as cm\(^3\).

A rectangular prism is a box shape. Its volume is the amount of space inside it.

Volume is length times width times height: \(V = l \times w \times h\). It equals the number of unit cubes that fill the box.

One layer holds \(l \times w\) cubes, and there are \(h\) layers. Volume is measured in cubic units, such as cm\(^3\).

Rectangular prism with length, width and height A rectangular prism (box) drawn in three dimensions with its length, width and height labelled. length height width
A rectangular prism. Fill it with unit cubes: \(l \times w\) in each layer, stacked \(h\) layers high.
\[V = l \times w \times h\]
V=l×w×h
LengthWidthHeightVolume
\(4\)\(2\)\(3\)\(24\)
\(5\)\(3\)\(2\)\(30\)
Cubic units. Because three lengths are multiplied, volume is measured in cubic units like cm\(^3\).

How to find the volume of a rectangular prism

  1. Find the length, width and height.
  2. Multiply all three together.
  3. Write the answer in cubic units.
Example 1 — Count cubes
A prism is \(4\) cubes long, \(2\) wide and \(3\) high. How many cubes?
Solution
\(V\)\(=\)\(4 \times 2 \times 3 = 24\)

\(24\) cubes.

Example 2 — Volume
A box is \(5\) cm long, \(3\) cm wide, \(2\) cm high. Find its volume.
Solution
\(V\)\(=\)\(5 \times 3 \times 2 = 30\)

Volume \(= 30\) cm\(^3\).

Example 3 — Layers
A layer has \(12\) cubes and there are \(4\) layers. Find the volume.
Solution
\(V\)\(=\)\(12 \times 4 = 48\)

\(48\) cubic units.

Example 4 — Cube
A cube has edges of \(3\) cm. Find its volume.
Solution
\(V\)\(=\)\(3 \times 3 \times 3 = 27\)

Volume \(= 27\) cm\(^3\).

Common pitfalls

Multiplying only two lengths. Volume uses all three dimensions.
Using square units. Volume is cubic (cm\(^3\)), not square (cm\(^2\)).
Missing hidden cubes. Cubes at the back of the prism still count.

Frequently asked questions

What is the volume of a rectangular prism?

Length times width times height, \(V = l \times w \times h\). A box \(5\) by \(3\) by \(2\) has a volume of \(30\) cubic units.

Why do you multiply three numbers?

One layer holds length times width cubes, and there are height layers, so you multiply all three.

What units is volume measured in?

Cubic units, such as cubic centimetres (cm\(^3\)), because three lengths are multiplied.

How do you count cubes in a prism?

Count one layer, then multiply by the number of layers. Remember the cubes hidden at the back.