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Primary - Stage 3 (Year 5 & 6) Stage 3 (Year 5 & 6) Adding & Subtracting Fractions

Add fractions - Same denominator

20 practice questions 0 video lessons Theory + worked examples
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Theory

To add fractions with the same denominator, add the numerators and keep the denominator. Then write the answer in its simplest form if the top and bottom share a factor.

The denominator tells the size of each part. When it is the same, the parts match.

Add the numerators and write the total over the same denominator: \(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{3}{5}\).

Then write the answer in its simplest form if the top and bottom share a common factor.

Adding one fifth and two fifths on a bar to make three fifths A bar split into fifths. One fifth is shaded in blue and the next two fifths in red, making three fifths shaded in all. = 35 1525
One fifth shaded, then two more fifths, makes three fifths shaded in all: \(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{3}{5}\).

Add the numerators over the shared denominator, then simplify if you can.

SumAdd topsSimplest form
\(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5}\)\(\dfrac{3}{5}\)\(\dfrac{3}{5}\)
\(\dfrac{2}{6}+\dfrac{2}{6}\)\(\dfrac{4}{6}\)\(\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{3}{8}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)\(\dfrac{8}{8}\)\(1\)
A full set is one whole. When the top matches the bottom, the answer is \(1\).

How to add fractions with the same denominator

  1. Add the numerators.
  2. Keep the denominator the same.
  3. Simplify the answer if the top and bottom share a factor.
Example 1 — Add fifths
Calculate \(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5}\).
Solution

Add the numerators, keep the denominator.

\(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5}\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Example 2 — Simplify
Calculate \(\dfrac{2}{6}+\dfrac{2}{6}\).
Solution
\(\dfrac{2}{6}+\dfrac{2}{6}\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{4}{6}\)
\(=\)\(\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Example 3 — Makes one whole
Calculate \(\dfrac{3}{8}+\dfrac{5}{8}\).
Solution
\(\dfrac{3}{8}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{8}{8}\)
\(=\)\(1\)
Example 4 — Canteen
A pizza is cut into tenths. Sam eats \(\dfrac{3}{10}\) and Tia eats \(\dfrac{4}{10}\). How much is eaten?
Solution
\(\dfrac{3}{10}+\dfrac{4}{10}\)\(=\)\(\dfrac{7}{10}\)

Common pitfalls

Keep the denominator. Add only the numerators; the bottom number does not change.
Simplify the answer. \(\dfrac{2}{6}+\dfrac{2}{6}=\dfrac{4}{6}=\dfrac{2}{3}\); reduce when you can.
A full set is one whole. \(\dfrac{8}{8}\) equals \(1\); when the top matches the bottom, the answer is a whole.

Frequently asked questions

How do you add fractions with the same denominator?

Add the numerators and keep the denominator the same. \(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{3}{5}\).

Do you add the denominators?

No. The denominator is the size of the parts and stays the same; only the numerators are added.

When is the answer one whole?

When the numerator adds up to the denominator, like \(\dfrac{8}{8}\), which equals \(1\).

Do you have to simplify the answer?

Yes, write it in simplest form when the top and bottom share a common factor, such as \(\dfrac{4}{6}=\dfrac{2}{3}\).