NSW Y11 Maths - Extension 1 Polynomials Factor Theorem

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Factor Theorem Theory

NSW Syllabus Reference

NSW Syllabus Reference: ME-F2.1: Remainder and factor theorems. This will require student to 

  • define a general polynomial in one variable, \(x\), of degree \(n\) with real coefficients to be the expression: \(a_{n}x^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots +a_{2}x^{2}+a_{1}x+a_{0}\), where \(a_{n}\neq 0\)
  • use division of polynomials to express \(P(x)\) in the form \(P(x)=A(x).Q(x)+R(x)\) where \(\deg R(x)<\deg A(x)\) and \(A(x) \) is a linear or quadratic divisor, \(Q(x)\) the quotient and \(R(x)\) the remainder
  • prove and apply the factor theorem and the remainder theorem for polynomials and hence solve simple polynomial equations (ACMSM089, ACMSM091)

Ref: https://educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/

                       

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Videos

Videos relating to Factor Theorem.

  • Factor Theorem - Video- Factor Theorem

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  • Factor Theorem - Video - The Factor Theorem

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Theory

For a polynomial \(P(x)\), if \(P(a) = 0\) then \((x - a)\) is a factor of \(P(x)\).

Conversely if \((x - a)\) is a factor of \(P(x)\) then \(P(a) = 0\).

For example: \(P(x) = (x - 2)Q(x)\,\,\), \((x - 2)\) is a factor of \(P(x)\). \(P(2) = (2 - 2)Q(2) \to P(2) = 0\)